Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is a rare genetic condition that is usually recognized before birth, at birth, or in early infancy. It mainly affects eye development, so many people with syndromic microphthalmia 11 have very small eyes, reduced vision, or blindness, and some also have changes in other parts of the body. Not everyone will have the same experience, and the early signs of syndromic microphthalmia 11 can vary from one child to another. Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is lifelong, and care focuses on vision support, treatment for related health problems, and early developmental services when needed. The outlook depends on how severe the eye changes are and whether other organs are affected, but treatment is aimed at support and management rather than a cure.
How many people live with Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
Global and U.S. prevalence estimates for syndromic microphthalmia 11 are not consistently reported by a single authoritative source. Because this exact subtype has only been described in a very small number of families, the true number of people living with it worldwide and in the United States is unknown.
Overview
Syndromic microphthalmia 11Symptoms
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 usually shows at birth. Features can include very small eyes with poor vision, differences in eye structure, and sometimes other body or developmental signs that vary from one child to another.
Outlook and prognosis
In syndromic microphthalmia 11, vision is often seriously affected, and many children also have developmental or other health problems. Outlook depends on which body systems are involved, but early eye care and supportive therapies can improve day-to-day functioning.
Causes and risk factors
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is caused by a gene change, usually present before birth. It may be inherited or happen for the first time in a child. Family history can raise risk.
Genetic influences
Genetics are central to syndromic microphthalmia 11, because it is caused by a disease-causing gene change. Different genetic variants can influence how severe syndromic microphthalmia 11 is and which body systems are affected.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of syndromic microphthalmia 11 usually starts with eye and body features seen at birth or in infancy. Doctors may use eye imaging and hearing or developmental assessments. Genetic tests can confirm the diagnosis of syndromic microphthalmia 11.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for syndromic microphthalmia 11 focuses on eye care, vision support, and help with related developmental or body differences. Some children may need glasses, eye prostheses, or surgery. Early therapy and regular follow-up with genetics, eye, and child specialists can improve daily function.
Symptoms
From birth, people with Syndromic microphthalmia 11 often have reduced vision because one or both eyes are unusually small or formed differently. The early features of Syndromic microphthalmia 11 are often noticed in infancy, when a baby may not fix on faces or toys as expected. For many people with Syndromic microphthalmia 11, other body or developmental differences are also part of the condition, although not everyone has the same pattern.
One or both eyes may be noticeably smaller than usual from birth, which is the main outward sign of Syndromic microphthalmia 11. The size difference can be mild or severe, and sometimes one eye is affected more than the other.
Vision is often limited, so a baby or child may have trouble tracking faces, reaching accurately for objects, or moving confidently in unfamiliar spaces. How much sight is affected can vary widely.
Some children also have other differences in how the eye formed, such as a gap in part of the eye, clouding, or a very small pupil. These changes can further reduce vision and usually mean regular follow-up with an eye specialist.
The eyes may not line up together, or they may make small, repeated movements that are hard to control. For many, this can make focusing on details more difficult.
How people usually first notice Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is usually first noticed very early, often before birth on an ultrasound or soon after delivery when doctors see that one or both eyes are unusually small or did not develop in the usual way. The first signs of syndromic microphthalmia 11 may also include other differences present at birth, such as changes in the brain, growth, or development, so families and doctors often recognize that it is part of a broader genetic condition rather than an eye finding alone. For many living with syndromic microphthalmia 11, the condition is first identified during newborn exams or early specialist visits, when concerns about vision and other congenital features lead to genetic testing.
Types of Syndromic microphthalmia 11
No distinct types of Syndromic microphthalmia 11 are widely recognized.
Can I slow down the onset of symptoms?
No. For syndromic microphthalmia 11, the main changes happen during development before birth, so there is no good evidence that lifestyle steps like diet, exercise, sleep, or supplements can delay when symptoms begin. Care usually focuses on early eye care, vision support, and checking for any other related health problems, which can help with day-to-day function and comfort but do not prevent the condition; research is ongoing to better understand the genes involved and improve treatment, and early specialist care can still make a meaningful difference in support and planning.
What genetics can tell you about symptoms
In syndromic microphthalmia 11, genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis and may give some clues about the range of problems that can occur, especially involving eye development and other body systems. Even so, genetics usually cannot predict exactly which symptoms someone will have, how severe they will be, or when they will start, because people with the same underlying genetic change can be affected quite differently. For many living with this condition, the genetic result is most useful for explaining why it happened, guiding medical follow-up, and helping family members understand possible risks.
Causes and risk factors
Families often ask why this happened and what it means for the risk of syndromic microphthalmia 11 in a future pregnancy. The main cause is a disease-causing gene change that disrupts very early eye development before birth. This change may be inherited from a parent or may happen new in the child. Family history can be one part of the story, but lifestyle and environment add their own chapters. During pregnancy, low or high vitamin A, some medicines, alcohol, infections, or poorly controlled diabetes may affect how strongly it shows up, but they are not usually the main cause.
What are the most common causes or risk factors?
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is mainly caused by a rare genetic change that affects how the eyes and other parts of the body form before birth. The biggest known risk factor is a family history of the condition or of the same gene change, although the change can also happen for the first time in a child. There are no well-proven everyday lifestyle or pregnancy-related factors known to be a common cause of this specific syndrome, so it is usually not linked to anything a parent did or did not do.
Environmental and biological risk factors
Because this condition begins very early in pregnancy, the environmental and biological risk factors for syndromic microphthalmia 11 are not always easy to pinpoint. Being exposed to risks in your body or environment does not mean the condition is inevitable. Clear outside triggers have not been proven in most cases, but doctors do pay attention to maternal health problems and early pregnancy exposures that can interfere with eye development.
Poorly controlled diabetes before or in early pregnancy can raise the chance of birth differences that affect the eyes. It is not a specific cause of syndromic microphthalmia 11, but it is one biological factor doctors may review.
Too little vitamin A in early pregnancy can interfere with normal eye formation. Too much vitamin A, especially from certain prescription acne medicines, can also harm the developing eye.
Certain infections during pregnancy can disrupt how the eyes and other organs develop, especially in the first trimester. Rubella is the best-known example, and other serious infections may also increase risk.
A significant fever early in pregnancy may interfere with normal organ formation, including the eyes. Doctors often consider both the fever itself and the illness causing it when they review possible risks.
Genetic risk factors
When a baby is born with very small eyes along with other body changes, families often want to know why it happened and whether it could happen again. In Syndromic microphthalmia 11, the main known causes are genetic, usually involving a DNA change that disrupts very early development before birth. Family history can matter, but some cases happen for the first time in one child. Because it is so rare, genetic testing for Syndromic microphthalmia 11 can help confirm the cause and clarify future pregnancy risk.
Gene change: Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is caused by a harmful change in a gene that helps coordinate very early eye and body development. When that genetic signal is disrupted, the eyes may not grow normally and other organs can be affected too.
Inherited change: In some families, the genetic change is passed down from a parent. The inheritance pattern can affect the chance of the condition happening again in future children.
New change: Some children are the first in their family to have the DNA change, with no earlier family history. This can happen by chance during egg or sperm formation or very early after conception.
Family history: A family history of microphthalmia, anophthalmia, coloboma, or similar birth differences can raise the chance of an inherited cause. Even so, many living with Syndromic microphthalmia 11 do not have affected relatives, so a quiet family history does not rule it out.
Lifestyle risk factors
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is present from birth, so lifestyle habits do not cause it. However, how lifestyle affects Syndromic microphthalmia 11 can matter for vision use, eye comfort, injury risk, and day-to-day functioning. The most relevant factors are the daily habits that protect the eyes, support visual development, and reduce avoidable complications.
Protective eyewear and careful avoidance of eye trauma are especially important when one or both eyes are small or structurally abnormal. Even minor injuries can have a bigger effect on comfort and remaining vision in Syndromic microphthalmia 11.
Good lighting, regular use of prescribed glasses or low-vision aids, and limiting prolonged visual strain can improve daily visual function. Poor visual habits may worsen headaches, eye fatigue, and difficulty with school or close-up tasks.
Consistent use of patching, conformers, prostheses, or other clinician-recommended eye care routines can support visual development and socket growth when these are part of treatment. Irregular routines may reduce the benefit of early interventions and make rehabilitation harder.
A balanced diet that supports general eye-surface health and healing may help with recovery after procedures and with overall comfort. Poor nutrition will not cause the syndrome, but it can make fatigue, healing, and resilience to complications worse.
Risk prevention
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is a genetic condition present from birth, so there is no proven way to prevent the condition itself. For many living with syndromic microphthalmia 11, prevention is mainly about lowering the risk of complications, protecting vision as much as possible, and supporting overall health and development. Because this condition can affect more than the eyes, regular follow-up helps catch problems early, when support is often most useful. Different people need different prevention strategies—there’s no single formula.
Protecting the eyes from injury is important because smaller or structurally different eyes can be more vulnerable. Polycarbonate glasses, sports eye protection, and simple steps like avoiding eye rubbing may help prevent added damage.
Regular visits with an eye specialist can help monitor vision, eye pressure, and the surface of the eye. This can help spot early symptoms of eye complications in syndromic microphthalmia 11 before they become harder to manage.
Some people with syndromic microphthalmia 11 may have dryness, irritation, or trouble fully protecting the eye surface. Lubricating drops, eyelid care, and prompt treatment of redness or pain can lower the risk of surface injury or infection.
Eye infections should be treated quickly, since inflammation can further affect comfort and sight. Good hand hygiene, careful contact lens use if prescribed, and avoiding sharing eye products can reduce risk.
Can you prevent Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
No, syndromic microphthalmia 11 cannot usually be prevented because it is caused by a gene change that affects development before birth. If this condition runs in your family, meeting with a genetic counselor or genetics doctor before pregnancy can help you understand the chances and your testing options, but it cannot guarantee prevention.
Transmission
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is not contagious, so it cannot be passed from one person to another through touch, coughing, sex, or everyday contact. Instead, it is a genetic condition that begins before birth, caused by a change in a gene involved in early eye and body development.
When families ask about how Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is inherited, the pattern can depend on the exact gene change: some children inherit it from a parent, while in others it happens for the first time as a new genetic change. Because the chance of it happening again in a future pregnancy can vary from family to family, genetic counseling and genetic testing can help explain the risk more clearly.
When to test your genes
Genetic testing is most useful as soon as syndromic microphthalmia is suspected, especially in a baby or child with unusually small eyes plus other birth differences, developmental delay, or a family history of similar findings. Early confirmation can clarify the cause, guide eye, neurologic, and developmental care, and help with family planning.
Diagnosis
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is usually suspected when a baby is born with unusually small eyes, major vision problems, and other body differences that seem to occur together. Doctors often recognize the pattern from the physical findings and then use imaging and genetic tests to confirm the diagnosis of syndromic microphthalmia 11. Getting a diagnosis is often a turning point toward answers and support.
Doctors look closely at eye size, how the eyes formed, and whether vision seems affected from birth. They also check for body features that can occur alongside this condition, such as growth, facial, heart, lung, or diaphragm differences.
Ultrasound or other eye imaging can show how small the eyeballs are and whether nearby eye structures developed normally. These imaging findings help confirm that the problem is microphthalmia rather than another eye condition.
Because syndromic microphthalmia 11 can affect more than the eyes, doctors usually order tests to look at other organs. These may include a heart ultrasound, chest imaging, and other lab tests to help define the full pattern of findings.
A blood sample is often used for genetic tests to look for the gene change linked to syndromic microphthalmia 11. This is the most direct way to confirm the genetic diagnosis of syndromic microphthalmia 11 when the clinical features fit.
How is Syndromic microphthalmia 11 diagnosed?
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is usually diagnosed when doctors find that one or both eyes are unusually small and then look for the other health or developmental changes that can occur with this condition. The evaluation often includes a detailed eye exam, a full check of the rest of the body, and imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI scans to see how the eyes and nearby structures formed. Genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis by finding the related gene change, but it is usually used together with the exam and scans, not by itself.
Stages of Syndromic microphthalmia 11
Syndromic microphthalmia 11 does not have defined progression stages. This is because it is a genetic condition that is present from early development, so doctors do not usually track it as a step-by-step worsening illness over time. Doctors usually start with a conversation about vision, growth, development, and any body features that occur alongside the eye changes, since the early symptoms of syndromic microphthalmia 11 can vary from one child to another. Diagnosis and follow-up usually rely on eye exams, developmental assessments, imaging when needed, and genetic testing to confirm the cause and help guide care.
Outlook and prognosis
The outlook for people with syndromic microphthalmia 11 is highly variable and depends on how severe the eye findings are and whether other organs are affected. Vision is often significantly reduced from birth, and many affected children need long-term support from ophthalmology, low-vision services, and developmental specialists. Overall development can range from mildly affected to markedly delayed, especially when brain or other congenital abnormalities are present. Because this is an extremely rare condition, published long-term outcome data are limited, and no reliable life-expectancy estimate is available. Mortality is not well defined, but the risk is likely higher in infants with severe multisystem malformations or serious medical complications, while children with milder involvement may survive into later childhood or adulthood with supportive care.
Long-term effects
Many living with syndromic microphthalmia 11 have lifelong effects that go beyond small or underdeveloped eyes, and day-to-day life may be shaped by vision limits from infancy onward. Because this is a genetic condition, long-term features can differ a lot from one person to another, even within the same family. Long-term effects vary widely, but the main concerns often involve eyesight, development, growth, and other body systems that can be affected as a child gets older.
Reduced vision is often a lasting feature of syndromic microphthalmia 11, and some people have severe visual impairment or blindness. For many, this can affect reading, moving around unfamiliar places, recognizing faces, and other daily tasks throughout life.
The eyes may remain small or incompletely formed, and this can be linked with differences in the retina, lens, or optic nerve. In some children, the early symptoms of syndromic microphthalmia 11 are first noticed when the eyes look unusually small or vision does not develop as expected.
Some people with syndromic microphthalmia 11 have long-term delays in learning, speech, or motor skills such as sitting, walking, and hand use. These features may become clearer over time as developmental milestones are compared with those of other children.
Slow growth and short stature can be part of the long-term picture in some families affected by syndromic microphthalmia 11. As children grow, doctors may also notice differences in head size or overall body proportions.
How is it to live with Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
Living with syndromic microphthalmia 11 often means managing reduced vision, sometimes severe, along with other congenital differences that can affect development, movement, or overall health, so daily life may involve visual aids, therapy, and regular visits with several specialists. For many living with this condition, the impact can vary widely from one child to another, but early support at home, in school, and through rehabilitation services can make day-to-day life more manageable and help build independence. Around them, parents, siblings, teachers, and other caregivers are often part of that support system, adapting routines and environments while learning how to meet both medical and developmental needs.
Treatment and drugs
Treatment for syndromic microphthalmia 11 focuses on the problems it causes rather than on a single cure, because this condition can affect the eyes and sometimes other parts of the body as well. Care often involves several specialists, such as eye doctors, pediatricians, and developmental therapists, to support vision, growth, learning, and any feeding or movement issues that may be present. Treatment plans often combine several approaches, including glasses or low-vision aids, early developmental support, and surgery when there are structural eye problems or related complications. If there are other health concerns linked to syndromic microphthalmia 11, such as hormone, brain, or developmental differences, those are treated individually and followed over time. Supportive care can make a real difference in how you feel day to day, and regular follow-up helps families adjust care as a child grows.
Can you cure Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
No, there is currently no cure for syndromic microphthalmia 11, which is a rare genetic condition that affects how the eyes and sometimes other parts of the body develop. Treatment cannot reverse the condition, but it can help manage vision problems, watch for and treat related health issues, and provide early support for growth, development, and learning. Care is usually tailored to each child, because the effects can vary from one person to another.
Non-drug treatment
Daily care for syndromic microphthalmia 11 usually centers on vision support, development, and help with any related body differences rather than a single treatment that fixes the condition. Because this condition can affect people in different ways, care is usually planned by a team and adjusted over time. Supportive therapies can improve comfort, help children build skills, and make day-to-day tasks easier at home, school, and work.
Vision specialists can help many living with syndromic microphthalmia 11 make the most of the sight they have with magnifiers, lighting changes, and large-print or audio tools. This may help with everyday tasks like finding a toy on the floor, reading a worksheet, or moving around more confidently.
Early intervention for syndromic microphthalmia 11 often includes developmental support from infancy, especially if vision loss affects learning and movement. Therapy may focus on play, communication, feeding, and practical skills so progress starts as early as possible.
Occupational therapy can help with hand use, self-care, and adapting to low vision during daily routines. Some may find it easier to dress, eat, write, or use school materials after practicing with simple strategies and assistive devices.
Physical therapy may help if delayed motor skills, low muscle tone, or balance problems are part of the condition. For many, this can mean safer walking, better posture, and more confidence with stairs, playgrounds, or sports.
Your genes may have an impact on how drugs work for you
For people living with syndromic microphthalmia 11, there is no well-established proof that the gene change causing the condition directly changes how most medicines work. In day-to-day care, treatment is usually aimed at related problems, such as eye issues or other body systems that may also be affected, and doctors often choose medicines based more on a person’s symptoms, age, and overall health than on the genetic diagnosis itself. If someone has feeding problems, breathing issues, or other medical needs, those can make medicine effects less predictable, so care is often more individualized and closely watched.
Pharmacological treatments
For many living with Syndromic microphthalmia 11, medicines do not correct the small or underdeveloped eye itself, but they can help manage related symptoms and complications. Treatment is usually individualized because this condition can affect more than the eyes, and the exact needs vary from one person to another. Not everyone responds to the same medication in the same way. In practice, medications for syndromic microphthalmia 11 are mainly supportive and are chosen around eye pressure, eye surface comfort, pain, seizures, or other associated problems if these are present.
If raised pressure develops in the eye, doctors may use glaucoma medicines such as timolol, dorzolamide, brimonidine, latanoprost, or acetazolamide. These drugs aim to lower pressure and protect the eye from further damage.
Artificial tears and lubricating eye ointments can help if the eye surface becomes dry, irritated, or exposed because the eyelids do not fully protect it. For many, this can mean less rubbing, less redness, and better day-to-day comfort.
After eye procedures, or if there is irritation or inflammation, doctors may prescribe acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and eye medicines such as prednisolone drops or atropine drops in selected cases. These are used carefully because the best choice depends on the cause of the discomfort.
Some people with Syndromic microphthalmia 11 may have neurological features, including seizures, and treatment may include anti-seizure drugs such as levetiracetam, valproate, or lamotrigine. The exact medicine depends on seizure type, age, and other health issues.
Genetic influences
For families trying to understand why this happened, syndromic microphthalmia 11 is caused by changes in the RARB gene, which helps the body use vitamin A signals to guide the eyes and other organs during early development before birth. This form is usually autosomal dominant, meaning one altered copy of the gene can be enough to cause the condition, although many cases happen for the first time in a child rather than being passed down from a parent. Even with the same gene change, people can have different symptoms and different levels of severity, so one child may have major vision problems while another has milder findings. Because RARB affects more than eye formation, some people with syndromic microphthalmia 11 also have differences involving the diaphragm, lungs, heart, or development. Genetic testing for syndromic microphthalmia 11 can help confirm the diagnosis and give families clearer information about recurrence risk and future pregnancy planning.
Is Syndromic microphthalmia 11 genetic?
Genetics are central to syndromic microphthalmia 11, because it is caused by a disease-causing gene change. Different genetic variants can influence how severe syndromic microphthalmia 11 is and which body systems are affected.
Having a genetic risk is not necessarily a diagnosis
Genetic variants are a usual part of human biology and are widespread in the general population. Most of these variants do not directly affect health and are simply part of normal human diversity. For many genes, having a variant associated with a condition suggests a possible link rather than a definite diagnosis, especially when several genes and environmental factors are involved. In some situations, though, a single well-characterized variant in a particular gene can be enough to confirm a diagnosis.
Pharmacogenetics—how genetics influence drug effects
For families living with syndromic microphthalmia 11, treatment is usually tailored to the eye changes and any other health problems that come with the condition, rather than to one standard medication. There is no medicine that can correct the underlying genetic change, so care often focuses on protecting vision as much as possible and treating related symptoms or complications if they appear. The genetic test result can still be very helpful, because it can guide doctors on what other body systems to monitor and which specialists should be involved.
At this time, there are no widely used drug-response rules that link a specific gene change in syndromic microphthalmia 11 to a certain medication dose or a guaranteed response. Genetics is only one factor, so doctors also base treatment on age, overall health, symptoms, and how someone is actually doing over time. If families are asking whether genetic testing changes syndromic microphthalmia 11 treatment, the main benefit is usually better care planning and follow-up, not choosing one special drug for the condition itself.
Interactions with other conditions
People living with syndromic microphthalmia 11 often have more than an eye condition alone, and day to day this can mean vision problems happening alongside heart, lung, or diaphragm differences present from birth. Doctors call it a comorbidity when two conditions occur together, and in this syndrome those added medical issues can shape how severe symptoms are and what care is needed most urgently. For example, if a baby has breathing trouble from lung or diaphragm involvement, that can become a more immediate health concern than the eye findings themselves. Congenital heart disease, when present, may also affect stamina, feeding, growth, and the safety or timing of surgeries and anesthesia. Because syndromic microphthalmia 11 is a rare genetic condition, the exact combination of problems can vary, but coordinated care across eye, heart, lung, and genetics specialists is often important.
How genes can cause diseases
Humans have more than 20,000 genes, each carrying out one or a few specific functions in the body. One gene instructs the body to digest lactose from milk, another tells the body how to build strong bones and another prevents the body's cells from beginning to multiply uncontrollably and developing into cancer. As all of these genes combined are the building instructions for our body, a defect in one of these genes can have severe health consequences.
Through decades of genetic research, we know the genetic code of any healthy/functional human gene. We have also identified that in certain positions on a gene, some individuals may have a different genetic letter from the one you have. We call these hotspots "Genetic Variations" or "Variants" in short. In many cases, studies have been able to show that having the genetic letter "G" in the position makes you healthy, but having the letter "A" in the same position disrupts the gene function and causes a disease. Genopedia allows you to view these variants in genes and summarizes all that we know from scientific research, which genetic letters (Genotype) have good or bad consequences on your health or on your traits.
What other conditions can cause similar symptoms to Syndromic microphthalmia 11?
Other conditions that can look similar include other rare genetic syndromes that cause very small or missing eyes, especially SOX2-related eye disorder, CHARGE syndrome, and Lenz microphthalmia. Some babies with chromosome conditions or infections during pregnancy, such as rubella or CMV, can also have similar eye changes along with growth, hearing, heart, or developmental problems. Doctors usually tell these apart by looking at the full pattern of symptoms and using genetic testing.
History
Long before doctors could sort rare conditions into numbered types, families and clinicians had already noticed that some babies were born with unusually small eyes along with other health or developmental differences. In recent decades, awareness has grown that these patterns are not all the same condition, but a group of related syndromes that need careful diagnosis and follow-up. Syndromic microphthalmia 11 is one of these very rare forms.
Early medical reports usually focused on the most visible feature, because the eye changes were often apparent at birth. As more children were described over time, doctors began to recognize that in some families and individuals, small eye size came together with a broader pattern of features affecting growth, development, and other parts of the body. That shift mattered in everyday care: it helped move the conversation from “an eye problem” to a condition that may need support from several specialists.
The history of syndromic microphthalmia 11 is therefore tied to the wider history of microphthalmia research. At first, cases were grouped mainly by symptoms and physical findings. Later, improved imaging, better newborn and childhood examinations, and more detailed case reports made it easier to separate one syndrome from another, even when the outward signs looked similar at first glance.
For many living with rare conditions, this kind of reclassification can mean a long path to the right name for what they are experiencing. That has also been true for syndromic microphthalmia 11. In some cases, children may first have been described more broadly as having microphthalmia, developmental differences, or a multiple-congenital-anomaly syndrome before the pattern was recognized as a more specific diagnosis.
Modern genetic research helped confirm that syndromic microphthalmia 11 belongs to a distinct group of developmental conditions, although the science came much later than the first clinical observations. This has improved diagnosis, family counseling, and research, even if much remains to be learned because the condition is so uncommon. Today, the history of syndromic microphthalmia 11 is still being written through careful follow-up of affected families, shared international case reports, and growing understanding of the early symptoms of syndromic microphthalmia 11 and how they can vary from one person to another.